Effectiveness of low frequency vibration on the rate of canine retraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

To investigate the effectiveness of AcceleDent Aura vibrating device on the rate of canine retraction. Thirty-two patients requiring extraction of upper first premolars and canine retraction were randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio into either no-appliance group or the AcceleDent Aura appliance group. Canine retraction was done applying 150gm of retraction force using NiTi coil springs on 16 × 22 stainless steel archwires. The duration of the study was 4 months. Models were collected and digitized directly after extraction of upper first premolars and at monthly intervals during canine retraction for recording the monthly as well as the total distance moved by the canine. Digitized models were superimposed on the initial model and data were statistically analyzed. Anchorage loss, rotation, tipping, torque and root condition were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography imaging. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale. No patients were dropped-out during this study. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the total distance travelled by the canine (P = 0.436), as well as the rate of canine retraction per month (P = 0.17). Root condition was the same for the two groups. Regarding the pain level, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at day 0 (P = 0.721), after 24 h (P = 0.882), after 72 h (P = 0.378) and after 7 days (P = 0.964). AcceleDent Aura was not able to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Pain level couldn't be reduced by vibrational force with an AcceleDent device during orthodontic treatment. Root condition was not affected by the vibrational forces.

The Effect of Local Pharmacological Agents in Acceleration of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review.

AIM: Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement has gained a massive interest to decrease the total treatment time. Local pharmacological agents might be used for that purpose as a practical, effective and inexpensive alternative. A systematic review was achieved to evaluate the evidence in that topic. METHODS: A search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science (Thompson Reuters), EMBASE (OvidSP), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley) in addition to hand searching of relevant journals till June 2018. Only studies written in English were utilised. Publications were selected, assessed systematically and graded by two observers according to Bondemark grading system. RESULTS: Only two human studies were found investigating the effect of Relaxin and Prostaglandins in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. No obvious side effects were reported. Relaxin showed no increase in the rate of tooth movement while prostaglandin showed a marked increase in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. CONCLUSION: There is below moderate evidence showing no effect of relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement, while inconclusive evidence was found regarding Prostaglandin in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. More prospective well-conducted clinical trials are needed to reach a proper conclusion regarding the local pharmacological agents which can be safely used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.

Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics using piezosurgery versus rotary instruments: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics (CFO) using piezosurgery versus conventional rotary instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy adult male mongrel dogs of comparable age with a complete set of permanent dentition with average weights between 13-17 kilograms were used. CFO using conventional rotary instruments versus piezosurgery was performed on each dog in a split mouth design. For every dog, mandibular 2nd premolar retraction on each side was attempted after extracting 3rd premolars followed by corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics using conventional rotary surgical burs on the left side and an ultrasonic piezosurgery system on the right side of the same animal. Intraoral measurements of the rate of tooth movement were taken with a sliding caliper. Measurements were performed by the same operator at the time of surgery (appliance delivery) and every month for six months. The dogs were sacrificed after six months from initiation of tooth movement to evaluate the amount of tooth movement for both conventional rotary and piezosurgery corticotomy techniques. RESULTS: A statistically significantly higher mean amount of tooth movement for conventional rotary instrument versus the piezosurgery corticotomy technique was observed at all time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth movement was 1.6 times faster when CFO was done using conventional rotary instruments as compared to a piezosurgery device.

Tooth movement into distraction regenerate: when should we start?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically, radiographically, and histologically orthodontic tooth movement into bone regenerate after mandibular distraction osteogenesis to elucidate the optimal timing for initiating tooth movement. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 9 male mongrel dogs. An average edentulous space of 9 mm was created by using a custom-made bone-borne distractor fixed on the mandibular corpus of each dog. The dogs were equally divided into 3 groups, and tooth movement began into the distraction gap after 1, 3, or 6 weeks of consolidation. The rate and type of tooth movement as well as the adverse tissue reactions (root resorption and crestal bone loss) were evaluated. RESULTS: Radiographic and histologic analyses showed analogous adverse tissue reactions in association with early tooth movement into the regenerate bone. Furthermore, the rate and type of tooth movement were variable in the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early tooth movement into the distraction regenerate is not recommended because it could result in adverse tissue reactions. Moreover, radiographic examination of the distraction regenerate is advisable and could be used as a guide before starting tooth movement.

Do alveolar bone defects merit orthodontists' respect?

AIM: To investigate the incidence and distribution of alveolar bony defects in the mandibular anterior area. METHODS: A flap procedure was performed to expose the labial alveolar bone of the mandibular anterior area of 32 patients. The presence of alveolar defects including dehiscences and fenestrations were recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent (25) of the examined patients had at least one tooth with an alveolar bony defect. Dehiscences were found to be most commonly associated with the midline of the labial surface of mandibular left and right canines followed by the mesiolabial line of the same teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The structure and topography of alveolar bone should be considered prior to the treatment planning and tooth movement. Moreover, there is a tremendous need to develop a noninvasive precise method for diagnosing alveolar defects.